Implement prestart fetch with S3 cache for dependencies

- Prestart task fetches from S3 binary cache into shared volume
- Server task serves from shared volume (read-only)
- Build uses S3 cache as substituter (ultra-fast builds for shared deps)
- Push entire closure to cache (derivation + dependencies)
- No host involvement, pure container isolation

Architecture:
- Site A builds nodejs_20 + vite → pushed to cache
- Site B builds → pulls nodejs_20 + vite from cache (instant)
- Only builds site-specific code

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

deploy-nix-site/action.yaml

@@ -42,7 +42,15 @@ runs:
     - name: Build site with Nix
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        nix build ${{ inputs.flake-output }} --print-build-logs
+        # Configure S3 as substituter to pull cached dependencies
+        export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="${{ env.S3_ACCESS_KEY }}"
+        export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="${{ env.S3_SECRET_KEY }}"
+
+        # Build with S3 cache as substituter (fetches cached deps)
+        nix build ${{ inputs.flake-output }} \
+          --print-build-logs \
+          --option substituters "https://cache.nixos.org s3://nix-cache?endpoint=${{ inputs.s3-endpoint }}&scheme=https" \
+          --option trusted-public-keys "cache.nixos.org-1:6NCHdD59X431o0gWypbMrAURkbJ16ZPMQFGspcDShjY= $(cat /tmp/cache-pub-key.pem 2>/dev/null || echo '')"
 
         # Get the store path
         STORE_PATH=$(readlink -f result)
@@ -59,20 +67,21 @@ runs:
         export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="${{ env.S3_ACCESS_KEY }}"
         export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="${{ env.S3_SECRET_KEY }}"
 
-        # Push to S3 binary cache
+        # Push entire closure (derivation + all dependencies) to cache
         nix copy \
           --to "s3://nix-cache?endpoint=${{ inputs.s3-endpoint }}&scheme=https&secret-key=${{ env.NIX_SIGNING_KEY }}" \
+          --derivation \
           "$STORE_PATH"
 
-        echo "✅ Pushed to binary cache: $STORE_HASH"
+        echo "✅ Pushed to binary cache: $STORE_HASH (with all dependencies)"
 
-    - name: Pull to host and deploy via Nomad
+    - name: Deploy via Nomad
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        # First, pull the store path to the host's /nix/store
-        ssh alvin "nix copy --from 's3://nix-cache?endpoint=${{ inputs.s3-endpoint }}&scheme=https' '$STORE_PATH'"
+        # Get S3 credentials for the fetch task
+        S3_ACCESS_KEY="${{ env.S3_ACCESS_KEY }}"
+        S3_SECRET_KEY="${{ env.S3_SECRET_KEY }}"
 
-        # Now deploy Nomad job that mounts this specific store path
         cat > /tmp/deploy-${{ inputs.site-name }}.nomad.json <<NOMAD_EOF
         {
           "Job": {
@@ -106,25 +115,62 @@ runs:
                   "traefik.http.routers.${{ inputs.site-name }}.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt"
                 ]
               }],
-              "Tasks": [{
+              "Volumes": [{
+                "Name": "site-data",
+                "Type": "host",
+                "Source": "site-data"
+              }],
+              "Tasks": [
+                {
+                  "Name": "fetch",
+                  "Driver": "docker",
+                  "Lifecycle": {
+                    "Hook": "prestart",
+                    "Sidecar": false
+                  },
+                  "Config": {
+                    "image": "nixos/nix:latest",
+                    "command": "/bin/sh",
+                    "args": [
+                      "-c",
+                      "nix copy --from 's3://nix-cache?endpoint=${{ inputs.s3-endpoint }}&scheme=https' '$STORE_PATH' && cp -r $STORE_PATH/* /alloc/data/"
+                    ]
+                  },
+                  "Env": {
+                    "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID": "$S3_ACCESS_KEY",
+                    "AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY": "$S3_SECRET_KEY"
+                  },
+                  "VolumeMounts": [{
+                    "Volume": "site-data",
+                    "Destination": "/alloc/data"
+                  }],
+                  "Resources": {
+                    "CPU": 200,
+                    "MemoryMB": 256
+                  }
+                },
+                {
                   "Name": "server",
                   "Driver": "docker",
                   "Config": {
                     "image": "joseluisq/static-web-server:2",
-                  "ports": ["http"],
-                  "volumes": [
-                    "$STORE_PATH:/var/www:ro"
-                  ]
+                    "ports": ["http"]
                   },
                   "Env": {
                     "SERVER_ROOT": "/var/www",
                     "SERVER_LOG_LEVEL": "info"
                   },
+                  "VolumeMounts": [{
+                    "Volume": "site-data",
+                    "Destination": "/var/www",
+                    "ReadOnly": true
+                  }],
                   "Resources": {
                     "CPU": 100,
                     "MemoryMB": 64
                   }
-              }]
+                }
+              ]
             }]
           }
         }